在各种计算机视觉任务（例如对象检测，实例分段等）中，无监督的域适应至关重要。他们试图减少域偏差诱导的性能下降，同时还促进模型应用速度。域适应对象检测中的先前作品尝试使图像级和实例级别变化对准以最大程度地减少域差异，但是它们可能会使单级功能与图像级域适应中的混合级功能相结合，因为对象中的每个图像中的每个图像检测任务可能不止一个类和对象。为了通过单级对齐获得单级和混合级对齐方式，我们将功能的混合级视为新班级，并建议使用混合级$ h-divergence $，以供对象检测到实现均匀特征对准并减少负转移。然后，还提出了基于混合级$ h-Divergence $的语义一致性特征对齐模型（SCFAM）。为了改善单层和混合级的语义信息并完成语义分离，SCFAM模型提出了语义预测模型（SPM）和语义桥接组件（SBC）。然后根据SPM结果更改PIX域鉴别器损耗的重量，以减少样品不平衡。广泛使用的数据集上的广泛无监督域的适应实验说明了我们所提出的方法在域偏置设置中的强大对象检测。

Machine learning approaches are widely studied in the production prediction of CBM wells after hydraulic fracturing, but merely used in practice due to the low generalization ability and the lack of interpretability. A novel methodology is proposed in this article to discover the latent causality from observed data, which is aimed at finding an indirect way to interpret the machine learning results. Based on the theory of causal discovery, a causal graph is derived with explicit input, output, treatment and confounding variables. Then, SHAP is employed to analyze the influence of the factors on the production capability, which indirectly interprets the machine learning models. The proposed method can capture the underlying nonlinear relationship between the factors and the output, which remedies the limitation of the traditional machine learning routines based on the correlation analysis of factors. The experiment on the data of CBM shows that the detected relationship between the production and the geological/engineering factors by the presented method, is coincident with the actual physical mechanism. Meanwhile, compared with traditional methods, the interpretable machine learning models have better performance in forecasting production capability, averaging 20% improvement in accuracy.

As the basis for prehensile manipulation, it is vital to enable robots to grasp as robustly as humans. In daily manipulation, our grasping system is prompt, accurate, flexible and continuous across spatial and temporal domains. Few existing methods cover all these properties for robot grasping. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for grasp perception to enable robots these abilities. Specifically, we develop a dense supervision strategy with real perception and analytic labels in the spatial-temporal domain. Additional awareness of objects' center-of-mass is incorporated into the learning process to help improve grasping stability. Utilization of grasp correspondence across observations enables dynamic grasp tracking. Our model, AnyGrasp, can generate accurate, full-DoF, dense and temporally-smooth grasp poses efficiently, and works robustly against large depth sensing noise. Embedded with AnyGrasp, we achieve a 93.3% success rate when clearing bins with over 300 unseen objects, which is comparable with human subjects under controlled conditions. Over 900 MPPH is reported on a single-arm system. For dynamic grasping, we demonstrate catching swimming robot fish in the water.

Existing deep learning-based traffic forecasting models are mainly trained with MSE (or MAE) as the loss function, assuming that residuals/errors follow independent and isotropic Gaussian (or Laplacian) distribution for simplicity. However, this assumption rarely holds for real-world traffic forecasting tasks, where the unexplained residuals are often correlated in both space and time. In this study, we propose Spatiotemporal Residual Regularization by modeling residuals with a dynamic (e.g., time-varying) mixture of zero-mean multivariate Gaussian distribution with learnable spatiotemporal covariance matrices. This approach allows us to directly capture spatiotemporally correlated residuals. For scalability, we model the spatiotemporal covariance for each mixture component using a Kronecker product structure, which significantly reduces the number of parameters and computation complexity. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method on a traffic speed forecasting task. Our results show that, by properly modeling residual distribution, the proposed method not only improves the model performance but also provides interpretable structures.

We introduce the MAsked Generative VIdeo Transformer, MAGVIT, to tackle various video synthesis tasks with a single model. We introduce a 3D tokenizer to quantize a video into spatial-temporal visual tokens and propose an embedding method for masked video token modeling to facilitate multi-task learning. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the quality, efficiency, and flexibility of MAGVIT. Our experiments show that (i) MAGVIT performs favorably against state-of-the-art approaches and establishes the best-published FVD on three video generation benchmarks, including the challenging Kinetics-600. (ii) MAGVIT outperforms existing methods in inference time by two orders of magnitude against diffusion models and by 60x against autoregressive models. (iii) A single MAGVIT model supports ten diverse generation tasks and generalizes across videos from different visual domains. The source code and trained models will be released to the public at https://magvit.cs.cmu.edu.

In this paper, we study two challenging but less-touched problems in image restoration, namely, i) how to quantify the relationship between different image degradations and ii) how to improve the performance of a specific restoration task using the quantified relationship. To tackle the first challenge, Degradation Relationship Index (DRI) is proposed to measure the degradation relationship, which is defined as the drop rate difference in the validation loss between two models, i.e., one is trained using the anchor task only and another is trained using the anchor and the auxiliary tasks. Through quantifying the relationship between different degradations using DRI, we empirically observe that i) the degradation combination proportion is crucial to the image restoration performance. In other words, the combinations with only appropriate degradation proportions could improve the performance of the anchor restoration; ii) a positive DRI always predicts the performance improvement of image restoration. Based on the observations, we propose an adaptive Degradation Proportion Determination strategy (DPD) which could improve the performance of the anchor restoration task by using another restoration task as auxiliary. Extensive experimental results verify the effective of our method by taking image dehazing as the anchor task and denoising, desnowing, and deraining as the auxiliary tasks. The code will be released after acceptance.

Spatiotemporal traffic data imputation is of great significance in intelligent transportation systems and data-driven decision-making processes. To make an accurate reconstruction on partially observed traffic data, we assert the importance of characterizing both global and local trends in traffic time series. In the literature, substantial prior works have demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing low-rankness property of traffic data by matrix/tensor completion models. In this study, we first introduce a Laplacian kernel to temporal regularization for characterizing local trends in traffic time series, which can be formulated in the form of circular convolution. Then, we develop a low-rank Laplacian convolutional representation (LCR) model by putting the nuclear norm of a circulant matrix and the Laplacian temporal regularization together, which is proved to meet a unified framework that takes a fast Fourier transform solution in a relatively low time complexity. Through extensive experiments on some traffic datasets, we demonstrate the superiority of LCR for imputing traffic time series of various time series behaviors (e.g., data noises and strong/weak periodicity). The proposed LCR model is an efficient and effective solution to large-scale traffic data imputation over the existing baseline models. The adapted datasets and Python implementation are publicly available at https://github.com/xinychen/transdim.

Score-based modeling through stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has provided a new perspective on diffusion models, and demonstrated superior performance on continuous data. However, the gradient of the log-likelihood function, i.e., the score function, is not properly defined for discrete spaces. This makes it non-trivial to adapt \textcolor{\cdiff}{the score-based modeling} to categorical data. In this paper, we extend diffusion models to discrete variables by introducing a stochastic jump process where the reverse process denoises via a continuous-time Markov chain. This formulation admits an analytical simulation during backward sampling. To learn the reverse process, we extend score matching to general categorical data and show that an unbiased estimator can be obtained via simple matching of the conditional marginal distributions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on a set of synthetic and real-world music and image benchmarks.

The problem of broad practical interest in spatiotemporal data analysis, i.e., discovering interpretable dynamic patterns from spatiotemporal data, is studied in this paper. Towards this end, we develop a time-varying reduced-rank vector autoregression (VAR) model whose coefficient matrices are parameterized by low-rank tensor factorization. Benefiting from the tensor factorization structure, the proposed model can simultaneously achieve model compression and pattern discovery. In particular, the proposed model allows one to characterize nonstationarity and time-varying system behaviors underlying spatiotemporal data. To evaluate the proposed model, extensive experiments are conducted on various spatiotemporal data representing different nonlinear dynamical systems, including fluid dynamics, sea surface temperature, USA surface temperature, and NYC taxi trips. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of modeling spatiotemporal data and characterizing spatial/temporal patterns with the proposed model. In the spatial context, the spatial patterns can be automatically extracted and intuitively characterized by the spatial modes. In the temporal context, the complex time-varying system behaviors can be revealed by the temporal modes in the proposed model. Thus, our model lays an insightful foundation for understanding complex spatiotemporal data in real-world dynamical systems. The adapted datasets and Python implementation are publicly available at https://github.com/xinychen/vars.

最近利用多模式数据旨在建立面部动作单元（AU）检测模型的研究。但是，由于多模式数据的异质性，多模式表示学习成为主要挑战之一。一方面，很难通过仅通过一个特征提取器从多模式中提取相关特征，另一方面，先前的研究并未完全探索多模式融合策略的潜力。例如，早期融合通常需要在推理期间存在所有方式，而晚期融合和中间融合则增加了特征学习的网络大小。与晚期融合的大量工作相反，早期融合探索渠道信息的作品很少。本文提出了一个新型的多模式网络，称为多模式通道混合（MCM），作为一种预训练的模型，以学习强大的表示形式，以促进多模式融合。我们在自动面部动作单元检测的下游任务上评估学习的表示形式。具体而言，它是一个单个流编码器网络，该网络在早期融合中使用频道混合模块，在下游检测任务中仅需要一种模态。我们还利用蒙版的VIT编码器从融合图像中学习特征，并使用两个VIT解码器重建两个模式。我们已经在两个公共数据集（称为BP4D和DISFA）上进行了广泛的实验，以评估所提出的多模式框架的有效性和鲁棒性。结果表明我们的方法是可比或优越的，它与最新的基线方法相当。